Le concept de 2.0, marqueur d'une évolution par référence au Web dit 1.0,
est également associé à de nombreuses promesses concernant l'évolution des
habitudes de travail et l'émergence de nouvelles organisations innovantes.
Face au constat du manque de données et des problématiques managériales
émergentes, les auteurs se sont interrogés sur l'impact du « 2.0 » sur les
organisations, de façon à intégrer dans une même conception les dimensions
communautaire et de réseaux sociaux émergents, les ressorts et enjeux de
gouvernance des organisations et la dimension pilotage et systèmes d'information. Pour faire cette analyse, ils ont effectué une veille sur
le Web, une revue de littérature académique et se sont appuyés sur
plusieurs cas emblématiques d'entreprises. Il en ressort une présentation
du « 2.0 » selon quatre points de vue complémentaires : la plateforme, le
many-to-many, le communautaire et l'émergent. Des idées reçues et de
fausses évidences autour de la hiérarchie, de la participation, du
communautaire et de l'émergent ont également été revisitées, et quelques
enjeux critiques pour le « passage au 2.0 » ont été identifiés : associer
one-to-one et many-to-many, mobiliser le collectif, valoriser une
organisation « méta-dimensionnelle » et valoriser et protéger l'individu.
Enfin, pour « piloter le nuage », les auteurs ont révélé combien le
système d'information était central et ont émis l'hypothèse que l'enjeu
pour les DSI et les managers était de pouvoir progresser dans la maîtrise
de quatre leviers : le pilotage multi-dimensionnel et les référentiels
enrichis, la gestion des communautés, la gestion de l'organisation, des
droits et de la gouvernance de l'information, le pilotage des capacités
organisationnelles. Cet ouvrage s'adresse à l'ensemble des professionnels
(DSI, managers, consultants) et des universitaires (enseignants
chercheurs, étudiants de cycle Master) qui s'interrogent sur le concept de
Web 2.0 et son impact sur les organisations.
Cet ouvrage fait suite à La Conduite des systèmes à risques publié par
l'auteur en 1996 (réédition 2001). Le premier livre mettait l'accent sur
la sécurité au niveau des individus, celui-ci met l'accent sur la
gouvernance de la sécurité dans les industries et services. La sécurité
des systèmes complexes n'a pas perdu son actualité, bien au contraire ;
citons la vingtaine de catastrophes aériennes annuelles, les presque aussi
fréquentes catastrophes de la chimie, le spectre des accidents nucléaires,
sans oublier les problèmes atteignant les services publics en médecine ou dans la finance. La liste serait trop longue pour prétendre être
exhaustif. Plus que les morts, c'est la diversité des milieux concernés
qui frappe l'imagination, et la gravité croissante des sinistres, avec
leurs immenses répercussions économiques. On voit là réunies toutes les
racines d'un système en équilibre précaire à l'échelle planétaire :
produire toujours plus, avec des outils plus complexes, dans des endroits
plus difficiles, en générant forcément toujours plus de risques
d'accompagnement ; puis convoquer la science pour contrôler ce risque
croissant, en cherchant l'alchimie magique qui réglerait au mieux les
multiples fonctions d'échanges entre risques contradictoires : accès à
l'innovation, marchés concurrentiels, libre entreprise, rentabilité et
sécurité maximale. Approche systémique, compromis et arbitrages sont au
coeur de cette maîtrise. Reflet de l'expérience très transversale de
l'auteur tant académique que pratique, le livre présente une synthèse sans
précédent des nouvelles perspectives théoriques et pratiques dans le
domaine. Rédigé dans un style direct, simple mais complet dans ses
références, il peut servir autant à des industriels et consultants qu'à
des enseignants et étudiants.
L'ouvrage est le résultat d'une recherche sur certaines pratiques
actuelles de management de projet. Les jeunes chefs de projet
appartiennent à une génération, dite « Génération Y », dont l'arrivée sur
le marché du travail coïncide avec la diffusion des technologies web 2.0
et avec elles, une vision renouvelée des modes de gestion et
d'organisation du travail. Cependant, ils évoluent dans un environnement
de plus en plus cadré par un ensemble de normes et de référentiels qui
véhiculent un modèle assez éloigné de celui d'une « organisation 2.0 ». La problématique développée dans cet ouvrage est la suivante : les chefs de
projet de la Génération Y sont-ils porteurs d'une vision renouvelée du
management et de l'organisation du travail, inspirée des logiques
d'actions présumées de l'organisation 2.0, et si oui, comment cette vision
s'articule-t-elle avec le cadre normalisé auquel est aujourd'hui soumis
l'ensemble de la profession ? A partir d'une étude détaillée de trois cas
enchâssés, le présent rapport met en évidence différentes appropriations
du cadre normatif. Trois portraits détaillés de jeunes chefs de projet
montrent comment ils utilisent les marges de liberté, notamment en ce qui
concerne la gestion d'équipe.
Cet ouvrage propose des pistes pour développer les usages des outils
collaboratifs. Il montre que ces usages sont souvent liés au type de
hiérarchie existant dans une entreprise. Il décrit des usages « réels » à
partir de dix études de cas dans des secteurs d'activité très différents
(transport, métallurgie, presse, etc.). En articulant les travaux en
système d'information et en théorie des organisations, ce livre analyse
les usages des outils collaboratifs dans 10 entreprises différentes. Il
montre en particulier qu'à côté des fonctionnalités de l'outil et des profils des utilisateurs, la structure hiérarchique de l'entreprise joue
un rôle majeur dans les usages de ce type d'outils.
This book aims to find a workable interpretation of the non-appropriation principle that is compatible with both the existing international space law framework and the move of the private space industry towards the mining of asteroids and other celestial bodies. It does so by analysing the rules on the use of orbits as limited natural resources as a concrete indication of how space resources can be exploited by one user while respecting the non-appropriation principle and the interests of other users in space. This analysis is complemented by a thorough review of the meaning of property rights in the context of the existing international space law regime. This allows the author to distinguish between the lawful exploitation and unlawful appropriation of resources in a manner that could pave the way for a workable asteroid mining regime that takes into account the needs of individual companies and the international community. Exclusive use in an inclusive environment frames the legal regime of the exploitation of natural resources in outer space as the most pressing example to date of the tension that arises between the rights of a single spacefaring actor and the interests of the broader international community. Though academic in its approach in dealing with one of the most fundamental issues of space law to date, the book has very practical ambitions. By offering a pragmatic interpretation of the space law principles that are likely to remain the legal foundations of asteroid mining for the foreseeable future, Exclusive use in an inclusive environment hopes to inform academics, practitioners and policymakers alike in their future attempts at working out a fair, equitable and effective management regime for the exploitation of natural resources in outer space.
Connected to the jurisprudence surrounding the copyrightability of a factual compilation, this book locates the footprints of the standard envisaged in a US Supreme court decision (Feist) in Europe. In particular, it observes the extent of similarity of such jurisprudence to the standard adopted and deliberated in the European Union. Many a times the reasons behind law making goes unnoticed. The compelling situations and the history existing prior to an enactment helps in understanding the balance that exists in a particular legislation. While looking at the process of enacting the Database Directive (96/9/EC), this book reflects upon the concern that was expressed with the outcome of Feist decision in Europe.
This book provides an accessible introduction to the emerging field of behavioral public choice economics and the law. This field studies how public officials, lawmakers, and judges fall prey to their own biases and heuristics, and how constitutions and judicial doctrines can be structured to mitigate these cognitive shortcomings. Written lucidly in plain language, this book is invaluable to all students, scholars, and general readers interested in behavioral economics, law and economics, and political economy.
Based on the Judicial Transparency Index Assessment (2019 and 2020) conducted in China by the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, this book summarizes and analyzes the current situation of judicial openness in China, using a sample of 218 courts across the country for the study. The book analyzes the ideological and institutional origins of judicial openness and examines the operation of judicial openness through the practical experience of role replacement. By analyzing evaluation data in the fields of audit information disclosure, trial information disclosure, judicial enforcement data disclosure, and judicial reform data disclosure, the book points out that the current judicial disclosure has made significant progress, but there are still problems such as unclear disclosure standards, insufficient rigidity in disclosure requirements, and the scope of disclosure still needs to be expanded. The book recommends accelerating the disclosure of judicial legislation, public standards, and strengthening assessment and accountability.
This book raises awareness about gender perspective in political and legal theories and historical analysis. The impacts of feminist political and legal theories, as well as critical legal studies, have been embedded in all the papers in different ways and degrees. Differences among feminist political and legal ideas are visible in the different approaches. The ongoing issue of defining gender, for example, is a recurring theme in the texts. Some papers question the binary basis of the gender issue and the notion of gender as such, while others start from the binary dichotomy and attempt to expand the consideration towards a multi-dimensional understanding of gender identities. The main focus is on a feminist reconsideration of all relevant fields of legal knowledge. The primary aim is to demystify the seemingly neutral character of legal norms and legal knowledge and highlight the power relations at different layers, beginning with male and female legal subjects of Western heredity (in terms of culture, ethnicity, and race), then moving on to different needs and power relations among female persons of different races and classes, and finally addressing differentiating gender relations and identities beyond the framework of the women-men binary codification, i.e., also taking into consideration the multiple options of intersex, transgender, queering, etc.
Taking seriously the issue of the "maleness" of political and legal theories is indeed a challenging and relevant endeavor for legal scholars. The male bias is present not only throughout history but also in the present, given that our "universal" categories of political and legal thought are still overburdened by unequal power relations. It is also important to open our minds and knowledge production for a gender-sensitive and gender-competent intersectional approach, which would also include various queer-, race- and class-based considerations. These tasks should be of interest not only to critical legal scholars but also all those belonging to mainstream legal and political thought.
Ce livre est le premier de trois volumes consacrés à la modélisation des
risques en actuariat. Il fournit les outils statistiques traditionnels
développés dans le cadre de la théorie du risque (actuariel traditionnel),
mais aussi des techniques de calcul plus spécifiques qui peuvent être
appliqués dans le cadre de la gestion des risques pour les institutions
financières (Quantative Risk Management) ou les entreprises en général
(Entreprise Risk Management). Parmi les applications possibles, on
trouvera notamment : l'évaluation des coûts d'un contrat d'assurance
général ou de réassurance, le calcul des risques liés à la gestion d'un
portefeuille d'obligations ou de devises, la gestion des risques en
régimes de retraite, etc. .
The book discusses discrimination based on sexual orientation in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Constitutional Court of Korea. The work provides insights into how prohibition on discrimination based on sexual orientation can be realized in South Korea with the reference of the case law of other jurisdictions including mainly from the ECtHR. The book reviews related principles and methodological tools applied in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR. Considering that the rights of sexual minorities are evolving in many jurisdictions including Europe, and this problem is currently of great importance in the constitutional and political discussion, the topic is important to the readers in Europe as well as in Korea.
This book is a companion to Clinical Ethics on Film and deals specifically with the myriad of healthcare ethics dilemmas. While Clinical Ethics on Film focuses on bedside ethics dilemmas that affect the healthcare provider-patient relationship, Healthcare Ethics on Film provides a wider lens on ethics dilemmas that interfere with healthcare delivery, such as healthcare access, discrimination, organizational ethics, or resource allocation. The book features detailed and comprehensive chapters on the Tuskegee Study, AIDS, medical assistance in dying, the U.S. healthcare system, reproductive justice, transplant ethics, pandemic ethics and more. Healthcare Ethics on Film is the perfect tool for remote or live teaching. It's designed for medical educators and healthcare professionals teaching any aspect of bioethics, healthcare ethics or the health sciences, including medical humanities, history of medicine and health law. It is also useful to the crossover market of film buffs and other readers involved in healthcare or bioethics.
This book investigates whether treaty interpretation at the ECtHR and WTO, which are sometimes perceived as promoting `self-contained' regimes, could constitute a means for unifying international law, or, conversely, might exacerbate the fragmentation of international law. In this regard, the practice of the ICJ on treaty interpretation is used for comparison, since the ICJ has made the greatest contribution to the development and clarification of international law rules and principles. Providing a critical analysis of cases at the ICJ, ECtHR and WTO, both prior to and since the adoption of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the book reveals how the ECtHR and WTO apply the general rules of treaty interpretation in patterns which are similar to those used by the ICJ to address difficulties in interpreting the text of treaties. Viewed in the light of the ECtHR's and WTO's interpretative practices, both the VCLT's general rules of interpretation and the ICJ's interpretative practice serve to counteract the fragmentation of international law.
This book investigates whether national courts could and should import innovative solutions from abroad in the adjudication of complex legal disputes. Special attention is paid to the concept of "legally relevant damage" and its importance in overcoming the deadlock created by the category of "pure economic loss" in the Portuguese and German tort law systems. These systems are essentially based on the concept of unlawfulness ("Rechtswidrigkeit"), which limits the compensation for pure economic loss to where a protective rule is infringed. These losses have nevertheless been compensated for through the extensive interpretation of rules and the appeal to near-contractual devices, which has been detrimental to legal certainty, the equality before the law, and subjects' freedom of action. This book explains why courts can and should take a proactive role and apply DCFR-based solutions in order to compensate for every loss that is worthy of legal protection.
Dieses Buch vergewissert sich der Ursprünge der Vlkerrechtstradition. Die heutige Debatte über die Rolle des Vlkerrechts in den internationalen Beziehungen geht auf die Diskussionen des Kalten Krieges zurück. In Westdeutschland entstand nach 1945 ein vlkerrechtlicher Ansatz, der bis heute für seinen Praxisbezug und die Idee einer auf Verfassungsprinzipien beruhenden internationalen Gemeinschaft bekannt ist.
Auf Grundlage des Werkes und Nachlasses von Hermann Mosler, der als der bedeutendste Vlkerrechtler der Bundesrepublik gilt, wird die Genese der praxisorientierten Gemeinschaftskonzeption im Kontext der politischen Entwicklung Deutschlands während des Kalten Krieges analysiert. Die Anknüpfung an die Weimarer Vlkerrechtstradition, Lehren aus der nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit, die Westintegration unter Konrad Adenauer und Moslers katholischer Universalismus werden dabei als Faktoren hervorgehoben, die einen spezifisch westdeutschen Ansatz im Vlkerrecht hervorbrachten.
This book asserts that the Pacific Islands continue to struggle with the colonial legacy of plural legal systems, comprising laws and legal institutions from both the common law and the customary legal system. It also investigates the extent to which customary principles and values are accommodated in legislation. Focusing on Samoa, the author argues that South Pacific countries continue to adopt a Western approach to law reform without considering legal pluralism, which often results in laws which are unsuitable and irrelevant to Samoa. In the context of this system of law making, effective law reform in Samoa can only be achieved where the law reform process recognises the legitimacy of the two primary legal systems. The book goes on to present a law reform process that is more relevant and suitable for law making in the Pacific Islands or any post-colonial societies.
This book discusses and provides insight on the legal and ethical dilemmas of managing those with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). This book provides a clear perspective for those clinicians and legal professionals who are working with those with this disorder, and correspondingly increases their understanding when arranging effective supports for this population. Historically, the primary focus on FASD has been on children. However, this is a lifelong disorder and the implications of this disorder become even more prominent and complex in adulthood. Those with this condition can struggle with impulsiveness, and a host of cognitive difficulties. This correspondingly impacts their independence and employability, and produces an elevated risk for homelessness and other residential issues, involvement in substance use, being exploited, development of behavioural issues, and subsequent legal difficulties. Their cognitive difficulties result in challenges for legal systems around the world to understand their issues, and to design appropriate remedial strategies, recommendations for treatments and supports, and even for understanding the failure of many of these individuals to be able to change their behaviours effectively. This produces various legal and ethical dilemmas, which are discussed in detail in this volume by 28 authors from Europe, New Zealand and North America. These include discussions regarding the rights of the unborn child, the alcohol industry's duty to warn, whether small amounts of alcohol during pregnancy can be condoned, and even the current use of involuntary hospitalization for addicted mothers. Other chapters discuss the need for training on FASD for front line officers, use of lies during interrogation of those with FASD, medical and legal interventions for offenders with FASD, access to diagnostic services and follow-up supports, and whether FASD can be considered a mitigating factor for sentencing. Furthermore, caregivers also provide their stories regarding the daily dilemmas that are faced in raising those with FASD.
Juristen, Ärzte, Pharmakologen und Apotheker finden in diesem Werk vier wesentliche Aspekte des Medizinrechts: das Arztrecht, das Arzneimittelrecht, das Recht der Medizinprodukte und das Transfusionsrecht. Die rechtliche Darstellung medizinischer, pharmazeutischer und medizintechnischer sowie transplantations- und transfusionsrechtlicher Probleme verdeutlichen Entscheidungen und praktische Fälle. Ein Blick auf ausländische Entscheidungen, Regeln und Tendenzen rundet das Bild ab. Europarechtliche Vorgaben werden eingehend beleuchtet. Die 7. Auflage setzt neue Akzente im Bereich des Transplantationsrechts, der Patientenverfügung und der Sterbebegleitung und zeigt neuere Entwicklungen in Europa im Recht der medizinischen Forschung, auch an Tieren. Wegen der genauen Gliederung und des ausführlichen Registers ist das Buch auch als Nachschlagewerk geeignet.
This book throws new light on the way in which the Internet impacts on democracy. Based on Jürgen Habermas' discourse-theoretical reconstruction of democracy, it examines one of the world's largest, most diverse but also most unequal democracies, Brazil, in terms of the broad social and legal effects the internet has had. Focusing on the Brazilian constitutional evolution, the book examines how the Internet might impact on the legitimacy of a democratic order and if, and how, it might yield opportunities for democratic empowerment. The book also assesses the ways in which law, as an institution and a system, reacts to the changes and challenges brought about by the Internet: the ways in which law may retain its strength as an integrative force, avoiding a `virtual' legitimacy crisis.
The subject of this book is human rights law, focusing on historic achievement of a common standard viewed from a perspective of Pengchun Chang's contributions to the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). This is an original research, integrating different research methods: inter-disciplinary approaches, historical and comparative methods, and documentary research and so on. The research findings can be described briefly as follows: Chinese wisdom has played an important role in achieving a common standard for the establishment of the international human rights system, which can be seen by exploring P. C. Chang's contributions to the drafting of the UDHR. The target readers are global scholars and students in law, politics, philosophy, international relations, human rights law, legal history, religion and culture. This book will enable these potential readers to have a vivid picture of the Chinese contributions to the international human rights regime and to have a better understanding of the significance of the traditional Chinese culture and P. C. Chang's human rights philosophy of pluralism.
Das Buch liefert einen umfassenden rechtlichen Überblick über das kognitive Enhancement. Dieses umfasst medizinisch nicht indizierte Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit bei Menschen, die als gesund gelten. Der Grundlagenteil der Arbeit ist der Klärung und Entwicklung der Begrifflichkeiten sowie den medizinischen Aspekten und den Rechtstatsachen gewidmet. Im zweiten Teil werden die mit kognitivem Enhancement einhergehenden einfach- und verfassungsrechtlichen Fragen behandelt. Einen Schwerpunkt stellt dabei die Frage nach der Bedeutung der medizinischen Indikation für ärztliches Handeln dar. Darüber hinaus wird analysiert, in welchem Maße das geltende einfache Recht kognitives Enhancement begrenzt. Außerdem wird herausgearbeitet, inwieweit eine weitergehende Regulierung des kognitiven Enhancement mit dem Grundgesetz vereinbar wäre. Abschließend werden praktische Aspekte herausgearbeitet, die Ärzte ihrer Entscheidung über die Verabreichung bzw. Verschreibung kognitiver Enhancer zugrundelegen sollten.
Das MPG ist keine deutsche Erfindung. Es ist - 1994 aus dem AMG hervorgegangen- die Reaktion des deutschen Gesetzgebers auf europarechtliche Vorschriften, die vor allem der Bildung eines einheitlichen Marktes für Medizinprodukte im Bereich des Europäischen Wirtschaftsraumes dienen sollen. Immerhin trifft das Gesetz Regelungen zur medizinischen und technischen Sicherheit für mehr als 300 000 medizinische Produkte.
Das Werk berücksichtigt die seit dem Erscheinen der ersten Auflage eingetretenen Änderungen bis hin zum Gesetz zur Änderung medizinprodukterechtlicher Vorschriften. Da auf Medizinprodukte inzwischen ebenfalls das Heilmittelwerbegesetz Anwendung findet, ist es mit einer kurzen Kommentierung aufgenommen worden.
This book defines the characteristics of a new discipline that is both legal and scientific: user-friendly legal science.Focusing on how legal tools and practices can be used to achieve objectives in different contexts, it offers an alternative to doctrinal research, law-and-something disciplines, and the traditional interdisciplinary approach.The book not only defines the new discipline's research approach, point of view, theory-building, and research methods, it also shows how it relates to other scientific disciplines and how existing doctrinal legal disciplines can be upgraded into scientific disciplines.
